Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data contains the majority of ( multi-)user utilities and applications. Often not preserved between system reboots and may be severely size-restricted. ĭirectory for temporary files (see also /var/tmp). Site-specific data served by this system, such as data and scripts for web servers, data offered by FTP servers, and repositories for version control systems (appeared in FHS-2.3 in 2004).Ĭontains information about devices, drivers, and some kernel features. ![]() ![]() Files under this directory must be either removed or truncated at the beginning of the boot process, but this is not necessary on systems that provide this directory as a temporary filesystem ( tmpfs).Įssential system binaries (e.g., fsck, init, route). Run-time variable data: Information about the running system since last boot, e.g., currently logged-in users and running daemons. Generally, automatically generated and populated by the system, on the fly. Virtual filesystem providing process and kernel information as files. Mount points for removable media such as CD-ROMs (appeared in FHS-2.3 in 2004).Īdd-on application software packages. Such directories are optional, but if they exist, they have some requirements. These are typically used on systems that support more than one executable code format, such as systems supporting 32-bit and 64-bit versions of an instruction set. Libraries essential for the binaries in /bin and /sbin.Īlternate format essential libraries. ![]() Users' home directories, containing saved files, personal settings, etc. Ĭonfiguration files for add-on packages stored in /opt.Ĭonfiguration files, such as catalogs, for software that processes SGML.Ĭonfiguration files for the X Window System, version 11.Ĭonfiguration files, such as catalogs, for software that processes XML. Recent interpretations include backronyms such as "Editable Text Configuration" or "Extended Tool Chest". Since the publication of early documentation, the directory name has been re-explained in various ways. In early versions of the UNIX Implementation Document from Bell labs, /etc is referred to as the etcetera directory, as this directory historically held everything that did not belong elsewhere (however, the FHS restricts /etc to static configuration files and may not contain binaries). There has been controversy over the meaning of the name itself. Host-specific system-wide configuration files. ![]() Primary hierarchy root and root directory of the entire file system hierarchy.Įssential command binaries that need to be available in single-user mode, including to bring up the system or repair it, for all users (e.g., cat, ls, cp).īoot loader files (e.g., kernels, initrd).ĭevice files (e.g., /dev/null, /dev/disk0, /dev/sda1, /dev/tty, /dev/random). Most of these directories exist in all Unix-like operating systems and are generally used in much the same way however, the descriptions here are those used specifically for the FHS and are not considered authoritative for platforms other than Linux. Some of these directories only exist on a particular system if certain subsystems, such as the X Window System, are installed. In the FHS, all files and directories appear under the root directory /, even if they are stored on different physical or virtual devices.
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